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During this period, active reproduction of HIV occurs in the absence of clinical manifestations of the disease, antibodies to HIV may not be detected. The diagnosis of HIV infection at this stage is made on the basis of epidemiological data; it can be laboratory confirmed by the detection of HIV, its antigens, nucleic acids
During this period, active HIV replication continues and the body's primary response to the introduction of the pathogen appears in the form of clinical symptoms and / or antibody production.
It is believed that the patient may be in the stage of primary manifestations within 12 months after seroconversion (the appearance of antibodies to HIV). The stage of primary manifestations can proceed in several forms. Stage 2A - asymptomatic , when there are no clinical manifestations of HIV infection or opportunistic diseases developing against the background of immunodeficiency.
The body's response to the introduction of HIV is manifested in this case only by the production of
Most often, this is an increase in lymph nodes, fever, pharyngitis, rashes (urticarial, papular, petechial) on the skin and mucous membranes.
There may be an increase in the liver, spleen, the appearance of diarrhea.
Sometimes aseptic meningitis develops, which is characterized by a meningeal syndrome with an increase in CSF pressure in the absence of its visual and cytological changes. Due to the fact that the clinical picture of acute HIV infection often resembles measles, rubella, infectious mononucleosis, it is called "mononucleosis-like syndrome", "rubella-like syndrome". The similarity with infectious mononucleosis enhances the appearance in the blood of patients with acute HIV infection of wide plasma lymphocytes (mononuclear cells).
A mononucleosis-like or rubella-like picture is observed in 15–30% of patients with acute HIV infection; most develop 1-2 of the above symptoms in any combination.
In some patients with HIV infection, autoimmune lesions may occur. In general, the acute stage of HIV infection is recorded in 50–90% of infected individuals in the first 3 months. The onset of the acute infection period usually precedes seroconversion, therefore, when the first clinical symptoms appear, antibodies to HIV may not be detected in the patient's blood serum.
In the stage of acute infection, a transient decrease in CD4 levels is often noted. Stage 2B - acute HIV infection with secondary diseases .
In 10–15% of cases, patients with acute HIV infection against the background of a pronounced decrease in the level of CD4 and Buy Barilup (Baricitinib) 2mg online - COVID-19 the resulting immunodeficiency develop secondary diseases of various etiologies (tonsillitis, bacterial pneumonia, candidiasis, herpes infection, etc.).
These manifestations, as a rule, are mild, short-lived, respond well to therapy, but can be severe (candida esophagitis, pneumocystis pneumonia) and, in rare cases, be fatal.