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Nonspecific laboratory signs of HIV infection are: decrease in the number of lymphocytes, especially CD4; an increase in the number of CD8; inversion of the CD4 / CD8 ratio (decrease to less than 1); an increase in the number of immunoglobulins, mainly due to IgG; manifestations of cytopenic syndrome (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia).
recommended to carry out the following laboratory diagnostic measures for all patients when registering for a dispensary to clarify the stage of the disease: CD4 study [32-37] (2A); CD8 study [32-37] (4C); quantitative determination of HIV-1 RNA in blood plasma by PCR [32-39] (2A); general (clinical) blood test, detailed [41] (4Ñ); general (clinical) urinalysis [42] (4C); general therapeutic biochemical blood test [42] (4Ñ); blood test to assess lipid metabolism disorders, biochemical [42] (4C); recommended that doctors responsible for monitoring HIV-infected people take the following diagnostic measures if it is necessary to make a decision to start ART on an urgent basis: determination of the clinical stage of the disease according to the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2006 [37, 161] (2A); CD4 study [37, 161] (2A); study of the level of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood [94, 200, 201] (1A).
recommended that all patients undergo a set of laboratory diagnostic tests to identify the following diseases when they are registered with the dispensary (see the relevant clinical guidelines) [16, 17, 37, 249-253] (2B): syphilis (see the relevant clinical guidelines); viral hepatitis C (see relevant clinical guidelines); viral hepatitis B (see relevant clinical guidelines); toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) (see relevant clinical guidelines); cytomegalovirus (Cytomegalovirus) (see relevant clinical guidelines); tuberculosis (see relevant clinical guidelines).
It is recommended that all patients undergo a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease upon admission to the dispensary (see the relevant clinical guidelines): a study of nephron function by creatinine clearance (including Reberg's test) (see the relevant clinical guidelines). It is recommended that for the purpose of screening for cervical cancer, all Buy Kamagra Oral Jelly Vol-1 (Sildenafil Citrate) 100mg online - Men's Health patients should be performed at dispensary registration [43,44,45,46,47] (2A) cytological examination of a micropreparation of the cervical canal; molecular biological study of discharge from the cervical canal for the human papillomavirus (Papilloma virus). It is recommended in patients with kidney disease to additionally perform [48,49,50] (2A): study of the level of total calcium in the blood; determination of phosphates in the blood. Comments: it is advisable to conduct these studies in patients from risk groups (persons over 65 years of age, persons with hyperparathyroidism, malabsorption syndrome, tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, history of fractures, taking efavirenz**, GFR less than 60 ml/min, BMI more than 30, CRF , CKD stage 4).