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Pathological anatomical diagnostics 1. Features of pathoanatomical autopsy of those who died from HIV infection. The
354n “On the procedure for conducting post-mortem autopsies”. The tactics of pathoanatomical research fundamentally corresponds to the general guidelines for a full-fledged morphological study of those who died from infections.
The most important feature of autopsy in infectious diseases is a wide range of laboratory and histological studies. 2. Morphological diagnosis of lesions caused by HIV infection In macroscopic examination during autopsy, the possibilities of diagnosing HIV infection itself are extremely limited.
Much more information can be obtained from histological examination.
All macroscopically altered foci are subject to histological examination. 3. Features of the course and morphological diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV infection Tuberculosis should now be considered the leading secondary disease in HIV infection (B20.0).
Tuberculosis can be both a ED - online Men's Packs Pack-30 previous Cialis Buy pathology and develop again against the background of HIV infection.
The structure of tuberculosis is dominated by damage to the lymph nodes of different groups - mediastinum, abdominal cavity, peripheral lymph nodes.
Among the lesions of other organs, damage to the kidneys, spleen, liver, adrenal glands, pancreas and thyroid gland, uterus, ovaries, testicles, epididymis, prostate, etc. After a pathomorphological study, various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis were detected in the majority of those who died from HIV, disseminated tuberculosis was diagnosed in more than 90% of patients, and isolated lung damage was observed extremely rarely.
4. Features of the course and morphological diagnosis of pneumocystosis in HIV infection.
jirovåcii causes clinically significant lesions in humans only in conditions of pronounced immunodeficiency, more often in premature newborns, patients with severe immunodeficiencies and patients with HIV infection in the late stages. Clinical diagnosis is based on signs of progressively increasing severe respiratory failure over weeks and months, combined with a minimal or moderate characteristic x-ray picture. There are no available laboratory diagnostic methods.
Cytological studies of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or sputum are of great importance in clinical diagnosis.
Macroscopically, lungs with pneumocystosis may have characteristic features. In typical cases, this diagnosis can be established on the basis of unusually large non-collapsing lungs of "rubber" density, with a smooth, shiny cut surface and the absence of other reasons for the development of such changes.