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2. Morphological diagnosis of lesions caused by HIV infection In macroscopic examination during autopsy, the possibilities of diagnosing HIV infection itself are extremely limited.
Much more information can be obtained from histological examination. All macroscopically altered foci are subject to histological examination. 3. Features of the course and morphological diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV infection Tuberculosis should now be considered the leading secondary disease in HIV infection (B20.0). Tuberculosis can be both a previous pathology and develop again against the background of HIV infection.
The Buy Cardizem (Diltiazem) 30mg, 60mg, 90mg, 120mg, 180mg online - Blood Pressure structure of tuberculosis is dominated by damage to the lymph nodes of different groups - mediastinum, abdominal cavity, peripheral lymph nodes.
Among the lesions of other organs, damage to the kidneys, spleen, liver, adrenal glands, pancreas and thyroid gland, uterus, ovaries, testicles, epididymis, prostate, etc.
After a pathomorphological study, various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis were detected in the majority of those who died from HIV, disseminated tuberculosis was diagnosed in more than 90% of patients, and isolated lung damage was observed extremely rarely. 4. Features of the course and morphological diagnosis of pneumocystosis in HIV infection. jirovĺcii causes clinically significant lesions in humans only in conditions of pronounced immunodeficiency, more often in premature newborns, patients with severe immunodeficiencies and patients with HIV infection in the late stages.
Clinical diagnosis is based on signs of progressively increasing severe respiratory failure over weeks and months, combined with a minimal or moderate characteristic x-ray picture. There are no available laboratory diagnostic methods. Cytological studies of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or sputum are of great importance in clinical diagnosis.
Macroscopically, lungs with pneumocystosis may have characteristic features.
In typical cases, this diagnosis can be established on the basis of unusually large non-collapsing lungs of "rubber" density, with a smooth, shiny cut surface and the absence of other reasons for the development of such changes. During pneumocystis pneumonia, 3 stages are distinguished.
Microscopic examination from the edematous stage reveals very characteristic changes.
In the acute phase of the disease, pneumocysts are found on the surface of the mucous membrane of small bronchi, which stain well with the PAS reaction and, especially, with silver impregnation according to the Grocott method.